Topic:             Organized crime

Grammar: The Participle

The Numeral

Vocabulary notes:


organized crime

[`ɔ:gənaizd kraim]

організована злочинність

counter   v

[‘kauntə]

протистояти

drug trafficking

[drʌg  ‘træfikiŋ]

торгівля наркотиками

drug addiction

 [ə`dikʃn]

вживання наркотиків

illegal weapon turnover

[i`li:gəl  ‘wepən tə:’nouvə]

незаконний обіг зброї

laundering of assets (money)

[‘lɔndəriŋ  əv ‘æsets]

відмивання активів
(грошей)

derive   v

[di`raiv]

одержувати

embezzlement   n

[em`bezlment]

розтрата, розкрадання,
присвоєння (чужого майна)

pursuit of profit and power

[pə`sju:t  əv ‘prɔfit ənd ‘pauə]

прагнення до отримання прибутків і влади

violence  n

[`vaiələns]

насильство, застосування   сили

intimidation  n

[intimi`deiʃən]

залякування

destructive    adj

[dis`trʌktiv]

руйнівний, шкідливий

disciрlinary   adj

[`disiplinəri]

дисциплінарний,
адміністративний

corruption   n

[kə`rʌpʃn]

корупція, продажність

concern   n

[kɔn`sə:n]

(тут) занепокоєння

blowing up   n

[‘blouiŋʌp]

вибух

arson    n

[a:sn]

підпал

facilities   n

[fə`silitiz]

(тут) приміщення

aircraft hijacking

[`ɛəkra:ft  `hai,ʤækiŋ]

викрадення літаків,
повітряне піратство

hostage taking

[‘hɔstiʤ]

захоплення заручників

murder   n

[‘mə:də]

вбивство  

cause   v

[kɔ:z]

бути причиною

exert influence

[ig`zə:t]

чинити вплив

delimit   v

[di`limit]

визначати, розмежувати

smuggling   n

[`smʌgliŋ]

контрабанда

gambling business

[`gæmbliŋ]

ігорний бізнес

law and order

[lɔ: ənd  `ɔ:də]

правопорядок

combating (crime) n

[‘kɔmbətiŋ]

боротьба(зі злочинністю)

white-collar crime

[`wait`kɔlə kraim]

білокомірцева злочинність

penalty   n

[‘penlti]

покарання

ORGANIZED CRIME
Organized crime, which is a social and political phenomenon to be found in virtually all the leading nations of the world, has also spread  to the territory of Ukraine, and today it constitutes an extremely complex mechanism with a precise structure.
Ukraine, a young country in its development along the way of integration into European and World Community has felt such problems as effective countering drug-addiсtion and drug-trafficking, illegal weapons turnover, laundering of the assets derived from crime, destabilization of economy, embezzlement and problems of corruption existing in higher echelons of the state power.
Organized crime is defined as: “The planned commission of criminal offences, determined by the pursuit of profit and power, which, individually or as a whole, are of considerable importance whenever more than two persons involved collaborate for a prolonged or indefinite period of time, each with their own appointed tasks by using commercial or business-like structures; by using violence or by other means suitable for intimidation or by exerting influence on politics, the media, public administration, judicial authorities or the economy”.
Organized crime in its present form is characterised by an organic unity of offenders, the shadow economy and corruption. Corruption is one of the most destructive phenomena. White-collar crimes, disciplinary and other offences are closely connected with corruption.
A source of great concern is the problem of preventing and solving crimes connected with the blowing up and arson in vital facilities, homes and  means of transport, aircraft hijacking, hostage taking, attacks on guarded premises including arsenals, administrative buildings, facilities belonging to the authorities responsible for law and order, and the murder of people in positions of authority.
These terrorist actions are often committed with the aim of causing panic and fear and exerting influence on the organs of the state so that decisions are made which benefit extremist groups and the bosses of the syndicates of organized criminals.
Weapons are being used more and more frequently to achieve political aims with assistance of illegal armed squads.
Organized crime today is fighting to delimit its spheres of influence and to achieve integration into the foreign Mafia. The mutual efforts of the foreign Mafia and the criminal structures in our country have led to powerful increase in the volume of smuggling. The problem of smuggling and the illegal transit of drugs through Ukraine is becoming more serious. The gambling business which is the most convenient way of laundering illegally acquired capital is tending to grow too.
The perfection and the distinctly conspirative nature of the activities of criminal structures require the use of specific and varied ways of combating them by the forces of law and order.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:
illegal weapon turnover, organized crime, blowing up, disciplinary offences, white-collar crime, murder, legalize, drug trafficking, combating crime, gambling business, to delimit spheres of influence, arson, destructive phenomena, armed squads, pursuit of profit and power.
Ex. 2. Write down the wordfamilies of the following words:
                                      launderer              
to launder                   laundry                       to gamble                                                                            laundering  

to smuggle                                                            to corrupt
                                               
Ex. 3. Write down as many word combinations as possible  and  translate them into Ukrainian. Use the pattern:
                                   аctivity       кримінальна діяльність
criminal                      legislation    кримінальне законодавство                           
                                   association   кримінальна організація

regulated                    corrupted                   legitimate

                                           
destructive financial organized

Ex. 4. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents:

  1. effective countering
  2. drug trafficking
  3. illegal weapons turnover
  4. money laundering
  5. political graft and corruption
  6. white-collar crime
  7. legal regulation
  8. gambling business
  1. законне регулювання
  2. ігоpний бізнес
  3. політичний підкуп і корупція
  4. відмивання грошей
  5. нелегальний обіг зброї
  6. ефективне протистояння
  7. білокомірцева злочинність
  8. торгівля  наркотиками

 

Ex. 5. Tick the meaning in which the following words are  used in the text :
 

 

Ex. 6. Complete the sentences and translate them:

Organized crime today is fighting selfish white-collar crimes.
The terrorist actions are often committed with  the aim of ... all the leading nations of the world.
Organized crime is found virtually in ...    the corruption.
The shadow economy was able to survive in combination with ... to delimit its spheres of influence.
Organized crime began to penetrate into the structures of ... the official economy.
White-collar crimes are closely connected with ... exerting influence on the organs of  the state.

 

Ex. 7. Give the English equivalents for the following word combinations:

контрабанда, відмивання незаконно набутого капіталу, здійснювати вплив, визначати сфери впливу, тіньова економіка, сили правопорядку, захоплення заручників, терористичні акції, нелегальний перевіз наркотиків, повітряне піратство, незаконний прибуток,  ігорний  бізнес.

Ех.8. Translate the words in  the box and complete the following sentences:

білокомірцева  злочинність, розкрадання,
організована злочинність, прибутки

  1. ...  involves offences committed by people at their jobs.
  2. Maximum ... is predicated on public demand for illicit goods and services and efficient delivery of “ products” through a formally organized system.
  3. White-collar crime converts billions of dollars annually in tax evasion, price fixing,..., swindling and consumer fraud.
  4. ... reaps hundreds of millions in gambling, drug trafficking, prostitution.

Ех . 9. Write down answers to the following questions:

  1. What problems has Ukraine felt in its development along the way of integration into European and World Community?
  2. What is the definition of organized crime?
  3. What is organized crime in its present form characterised by?
  4. What problems are of great concern now?
  5. What aim are the terrorist actions commited with?
  6. What is the most convenient way of  money laundering?
  7. What forces are responsible for preventing and combating crime?

 

Ex.10.Give the proper definition:

Prostitution                     crime committed by guile, deceit, or concealment, typically by people in positions of  trust

White-collar crime         criminal conspiracies providing illicit goods or services, through the corruption of public officials and the use of threat or force

Fraud                              engaging in or agreeing to engage in sexual acts for  compensation

Organized crime             an act that involves obtaining the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of the use of that property,  by misrepresenting a material fact

 

Ex. 11. Translate into English:

  1. Корупція - одне з найбільш руйнівних явищ в суспільстві.
  2. Такі терористичні акції, як вибухи та підпал життєво-важливих об’єктів, захоплення заручників виконуються злочинними угрупoваннями з метою здійснення впливу на державні органи.
  3. Організована злочинність бореться за визначення сфер свого впливу.
  4. Проблема нелегального перевозу наркотиків через Україну стає все більш серйозною.
  5. Кримінальний клас має свою власну ідеологію, структуру, закони, які не відповідають законам суспільства.
  6. Щоб відмити незаконно отримані гроші, злочинці вкладали їх в кооперативний сектор економіки, в спільні підприємства.

 

Ex. 12. Say what you know about forms of organized crime:

Ex .13. Translate the text:

Organized crime  &  drug trade

The international Mafia and its associated secret societies, such as the Chinese Triads and the Colombian drug cartels, exercise the malign and pervasive influence on the political, social and economic life not only in the countries in which they are based - Italy, USA, Pakistan, Hong Kong and Colombia - but also in other areas, especially in Western Europe and the Caribbean.
One of the greatest generators of terrorism and criminal violence in the world is the cocaine trade from the coca fields in Colombia to the drug addicts in Europe and the USA. The Colombian drug cartels have distribution centres in London, Amsterdam and other cities. Narcotics are very big business, with a turnover of $ 500 billion per year of which $ 300 million is profits. Potential assets are in trillion dollar range.
World-wide, the distribution and marketing of drugs is run by organizations precisely modeled on commercial multinational organizations. As an indication of the enormous profits made down the line, the raw material (coca) needed to make one kilogram of pure cocaine costs about £14 in Colombia. By the time it has been smuggled into Europe, the wholesaler pays  £35,000 for it – a gain of 250 to 1. Its street value, split into doses, is about £70,000 – a further gain of nearly 2 to 1 or a total gain of 500 times the production cost. With so much money to spend, these multinationals and their dealers have no difficulty in hiring willing smugglers, using speedboats or light aircraft, or simply concealing cocaine in the heels of their shoes, or in capsules which they swallow in Colombia or in a Caribbean Іsland and excrete intact after arrival in the USA. The barons can also pay whatever bribes may be needed by corrupt officials to turn a blind eye. And the distributors or the addicts themselves can convert cocaine into the higher-priced and more addictive “crack” simply by heating it with an easily obtainable chemical in microwave oven.

Vocabulary notes:

malign  adj

[mə`lain]

шкідливий

violence    n

[`vaiələns]

1.сила;  2.насильство

drug addictn

[`ædikt]

наркоман

wholesale   adj

[`houlseil]

1.у великих розмірах; 2.оптовий

value   n

[`vælju:]

вартість, ціна

gainn

[gein]

заробіток, прибуток

difficulty   n

[`difikəlti]

рlтруднощі, перешкоди

swallow   v

[‘swɔlou]

ковтати

excrete   v

[eks`kri:t]

виводити

bribev

[braib]

давати хабар

pay    n

[pei]

плата, виплата

convert (into)    v

[kən`və:t]

перетворювати  у щось
 

Ex. 14. Say what you know about activities of organized crime in the world, using the information below :

Organized crime in the sphere of drug trafficking

I.  East Asia

Triads. Chinese Triads – location – Hong Kong.

  1. Approximate number of members worldwide – 300,000, in Hong Kong – 100,000. The most important criminal organizations are:
  2.  SUNYEE ON (Hong Kong) – 40,000 members;
  3. WO GROUP (Hong Kong) – 20,000 members;
  4. UNITED BANBOO GANG (Taiwan) – 20,000 members;
  5. BIG CIRCLE GANG (China);
  6.  
  7. Japanese JAKUZA – 87,000 members. “Families” SUMIYO SHI – RENGO (Tokyo) and GUMI (KOBE-OSAKA) also belong to the famous syndicates.

II.  Middle East
Lebanon Connection  is located in Bekaa Valley (the Syrian border). All cannabis and poppy straw are controlled by Ashaiya (clan) – 20,000 members, including YAFFA – 5,000 members.

III.  Europe

Italian MAFIA includes 450 clans with 17,000 members (soldati) and covers 4 regions in the South of Italy.

  1. Sіcily – 186 MAFIA clans – 5,000 active members.
  2. Calabria – 140 NORANG-HETA-clans – 5,100 active members.
  3. Campagne (a large part of Naples) – 106 CAMORRA clans - 5,000 members.
  4. Apulla – 20 NUOVA clans – 1,400 active members.

Russian and Caucasus “mafiosi”, the so-called “Russian mafia”, “CIS mafia”.There are criminal groups of former soviet nomenclature (communist party and state bureaucrats, military officers, etc), there are also criminal ethnic gangs from Caucasus region – Chechens, Georgians, Azerbaijanis. The latter specialize in drug trafficking. There are 3,500-5,000 organized crime groups in CIS.
IY.  North America (the U.S.A)
         La COSA NOSTRA (LCN) – 1,700-2,000 members and 20,000 associated. Location – Chicago; New York – Benanno, Genovere, Lucchese, Colombo (the so-called Pizza-Connection) Families.
Y.  South America (Colombia)
Colombian Connection
There are 15,000 armed members in MEDELLIN CARTEL; 100,000 members are involved in drug trafficking. The strongest competition – CALI-CARTEL – includes 80,000 members.

 

 

Illegal heroin trafficking

(cultivate and smuggling)

   

 

Ex. 15.Retell the text in English using the following phrases:
The headline of the text is … .
The text speaks about …  in details.
The text provides much information on …
Боротьба з організованою злочинністю в Україні
Організована злочинність - найбільш руйнівне явище, що істотно позначається на соціальному, економічному і культурному розвитку будь-якої країни. Для України, яка переживає глибокі соціально-економічні реформи та об’єктивно ослаблена ними, важливою стала проблема поширення впливу організованої злочинності на всі сфери суспільного життя. Організовані злочинні угруповання через свої структури намагаються привласнити право виконувати функції, аналогічні функціям державного управління, створити сприятливі умови для власного збагачення.
Відомо, що структура організованих злочинних формувань є складною та багатогрaнною, в них добре налагоджено певні правила поведінки, розподілено ролі учасників, які дотримуються правила конспірації.
За даними МВС України продовж останніх 5-ти років в Україні ліквідовано майже 1200 злочинних угруповань.

Grammar Exercises

The Participle

The Numeral

Ex. 1. Give three forms of the verbs:


to act – acted – acted
to drive – drove – driven

to get, to kill, to go, to leave, to launder, to buy, to choose, to book, to take, to begin, to fight, to forgive, to win, to shoot, to pay, to lose, to understand, to derive.

Ex. 2. Form  Participle I of the following verbs.  Translate them:


to read – reading -читати – читаючи ; той, що читає
to walk – walking – іти – ідучи ; той, що іде

to kill, to answer, to begin, to break, to run, to train, to drive, to do, to go, to investigate, to legalize, to tend, to wash, to describe.

Ex. 3. Translate into English:


Молодий чоловік, який вивчає     The young man studying English…
англійську мову … 
Вивчаючи англійську мову,          Studying English, the young man …                                                                                 
молодий чоловік …     

 

 

1.

 

а)

Професор, який заходить в аудиторію …

 

б)

Заходячи в аудиторію, професор …

 

2.

 

а)

Чоловік, який купує газету…

 

б)

Купуючи газету, чоловік…

 

 

3.

 

а)

Слідчий, що розслідує справу…

б)

Розслідуючи цю справу, слідчий…

4.

 

а)

Сержант, який виконує свій обов‘язок…

б)

Виконуючи свій обов‘язок, сержант…

5.

 

а)

Викладач, який показує цей примірник…

б)

Показуючи цей примірник, викладач…

Ex. 4. Form Participle II of the following verbs. Translate them:


to write – written – писaти – написаний

To ask, to bring, to buy, to do, to investigate, to leave, to prepare, to send, to show, to stop, to wash, to deliver.
Ex. 5. Translate the following  participles :
asking – asked, giving – given, preparing – prepared, bringing – brought, investigating – investigated, legalising – legalised, investing – invested, delimiting – delimited, washing – washed, blowing up – blown up, killing – killed.
 Ex. 6. Translate the  sentences. Underline the participle phrases:

  1. The ideology and rules of criminal class do not correspond to the laws established by society.
  2. Penetrating into the structures of the official economy organized crime succeeds in legalizing criminal capital.
  3. The primary tool of corruption is money offered as a direct bribe, kickback or payoff.
  4. Threatening by personal injury or property damage the racket systematically extorts money from private entrepreneurs.
  5. Criminals often try to intimidate the public and exert influence on the organs of the state committing terrorist actions.
  6. Criminal syndicates organized to get illegal profits resort to illicit sex, drugs, loansharking and gambling.
  7. The gambling business which is the most convenient way of washing illegally acquired capital is tending to grow.
  8. Forces of law and order will use varied ways of combating criminal structures taking into account the nature of the latter.

 

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