Topic:   UKRAINE

Grammar:     1. Perfect Tenses (Present, Past, Future)
                     2. Adjective

Vocabulary notes:

extend v

[iks’tendʃ]   

простягатися

favourable   adj

[’feivərəbl]   

сприятливий

the Autonomous Republic of Crimea

[ɔ:’tɔnəməs] [krai’mi:ə]

Автономна

Республіка Крим

law- based state           

[lɔ:]

правова держава

body of the state power

[’bɔdi]    [’pauə]

oрган державної

влади

elect  v

[i’lekt]         

вибирати

legislative adj

[’leʤisleіtiv]

законодавчий

executive adj  

[ig’zekjutiv] 

виконавчий

judicial adj

[ʤu’diʃl]

судовий

participate  v   

[pa:’tisipeit]

брати участь

UN Charter

[’tʃa:tə]

Статут ООН

single-chamber national Parliament

[’siŋgl]      [’tʃeimbə]

однопалатний

національний

парламент

approval n

[ə’pru:vəl]

схвалення

authority n

[ɔ:’qɔriti]

влада, правління,

повноваження

judiciary n

[ʤu:’diʃiəri]

судова влада

justice n          

[’ʤʌstis]

правосуддя; суддя

court    n

[kɔ:t] 

cуд

involve v        

[in’vɔlv]

включати,

втягувати

abide v

[ə’baid]

дотримуватися

claim n           

[’kleim]

претензія, позов

offence n       

[ə’fens]

правопорушення

trial n

[’traiəl]

судовий процес

(суд)

recovery n

[ri’kʌvəri]    

тут: повернення

(втраченого)

lawfulness n

[’lɔ:fulnіs]

законність

official n        

[ə’fiʃəl]

посадова особа,

службовець

incompetent adj

[in’kɔmpitənt]

неправомірний

inviolability n 

[invaiələ’biliti]

недоторканість

dwelling n

[’dweliŋ]

житло,

помешкання

noninterference n

[non,intə’fiərəns]

невтручання

respect v

[ris’pekt]

поважати

conscience n  

[’kɔnʃəns]

совість

Ukraine

Ukraine is one of the largest countries in the centre of Europe. The total area of Ukraine is 603,700 square kilometeres. It extends 893 km North to South and  1,316 km  East to West. Ukraine borders on Russia, Belorus, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Moldova. Ukraine’s neighbors across the Black Sea  are Turkey, Bulgaria and Georgia.
The population of Ukraine amounts to 47,7 million people- 46% were male and 54 % were female (during the 2001 census).
There are 24 oblasts in Ukraine and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, 447 cities, 904 towns and 28.8 thousand villages. Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, is the biggest city in Ukraine with the population of 2.635 million people, Kharkiv - 1.575 million, Dnipropetrovsk- 1.161 million, Donetsk-1.101 million, Odesa-1.059 million.
Ukraine is a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, law-based state. It has its own territory, higher bodies of the state power, government and state symbols.
On August 24, 1991 the Ukrainian Parliament, which is called the Verkhovna Rada, proclaimed the Act of Ukraine's independence and the formation of the independent state of Ukraine proceeding from the right to self-determination provided by the UN Charter and other international legal documents, acting in pursuance of the Sovereignty Declaration. This date has since become a national holiday -Independence Day.
The state symbols of Ukraine are the State Flag - a horizontally
2-striped flag; the upper blue stripe signifies the open sky, and the bottom yellow stripe, symbolizes the wheat fields of Ukraine, the State Coat ofArms and the State Anthem of Ukraine.
Ukrainian is the state language.
The Constitution of Ukraine was adopted at the Fifth Session of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on June 28, 1996.
The Constitution consists of the preamble, 15 chapters and 161 articles. The largest chapter is “The rights, freedoms and obligations of the person and citizen”. It states that every person has the right to the free development. Citizens have equal constitutional rights and freedoms and are equal before the law. Every person has the right to life, respect his/her dignity, has the right to freedom and personal inviolability, the inviolability of dwelling. Everyone is guaranteed the right of thought  and speech, and free ideology and belief. Everyone has the right to work, rest, strike, vote, social and health protection, dwelling and education. Defence of the Motherland, the territorial integrity of Ukraine, respect for the State symbols are the duties of citizens. Every person must care for nature and cultural heritage, pay taxes and declare his/her income.
The President of Ukraine is the head of the state and acts in its name.
The President is elected by the citizens of Ukraine for a five-year term. One and the same person shall not be the President for more than two consecutive terms.
Under the Constitution state power in Ukraine is exercised on the principles of its division into legislative, executive and judicial power. Bodies of legislative, executive and judicial power exercise their authority within the limits established by the Constitution and in accordance with the laws of Ukraine.

THE LEGISLATIVE  POWER

 

The Parliament (called the Verkhovna Rada) is the only body of legislative power in Ukraine. The Verkhovna Rada is a single-chamber national Parliament. The Verkhovna Rada consists of 450 national deputies. Each national deputy must be at least 21 years of age and have resided on the territory of Ukraine for the last five years. Voting, which is not compulsory, is by secret ballot and from the age of 18.
The Ukrainian Parliament has authority over:

  • amending the Constitution;
  • making and adopting laws;
  • setting the principles of domestic and foreign policy;
  • designating Presidential elections;
  • overseeing and adopting decisions concerning the Programme of  Activity of the Cabinet of Ministers;
  • exercising control over the activity of the Cabinet of Ministers, in accordance with the Constitution;
  • performing a number of other functions delineated in 36 points of the Сonstitution.
THE EXECUTIVE POWER

 

The Executive power is presented by the Cabinet of Ministers.
The Prime Minister heads the Cabinet. The Cabinet of Ministers carries out domestic and foreign policy of the state, the fulfilment of the Constitution  as well as acts of the President, develops and fulfils national programs on  economic, scientific and technological, social and cultural development of Ukraine.

The  judicial  power

Justice in Ukraine is administered exclusively by courts.
The Supreme Court of Ukraine is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction.
The system of courts of general jurisdiction is formed in accordance with the territorial principle and principle of specialisation. Courts decide cases involving conflicts between citizens and state. They are independent and all their activities abide only by the rules of law.
The oblasts’, districts’, cities’ courts hear small value claims and less serious offences.
The Constitutional Court of Ukraine is the sole body of constitutional jurisdiction. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine:

  • decides on issues of conformity of laws and legal acts with the Constitution of Ukraine;
  • provides the official interpretation of the Constitution of Ukraine and the laws of Ukraine.

            Justices of the Constitutional Court will be evenly appointed by the President, the Verkhovna Rada and the special assembly of judges.

Political reform
On Wednesday, December 8, 2004 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine passed the so-called package of bills and President Leonid Kuchma signed it.
According to the amendments, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine is the supreme structure in the system of the executive power bodies. The government is accountable to the President of Ukraine and Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and is controlled by the Verkhovna Rada within the limits envisioned by the Constitution.
The government is appointed  by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.  In particular, the Prime-Minister is appointed by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on the submission of the Ukrainian President. The candidacy for the post of Prime-Minister is submitted by the President in accordance with the proposal of the coalition of parliamentary factions, which make up the majority in the parliament.
The   Ukrainian   Minister  of  Defense,   Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs, are appointed by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on the submission of the Ukrainian  President;  other members  of the Cabinet of Ministers  are appointed by the Verkhovna Rada on the submission of the Prime-Minister of Ukraine. The Cabinet of Ministers resigns when a new Verkhovna Rada is elected.
The Parliament’s competence has been extended from four to five years.
Parliamentary elections are conducted on a proportional basis.
The  Verkhovna   Rada  of  Ukraine   has  received   more  authorities.   The parliament appoints and sacks the chairmen of the Anti-
Monopolv Committee of Ukraine, the National Committee for Television the staff of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine.
The Verkhovna Rada will control the activity of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
The right to legislative initiative in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is vested in the President, national deputies of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
The  constitutional  amendments  stipulate that should  the  President's authorities be stopped ahead of schedule, these authorities are delegated to the chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

OUR INFORMATION

  • Ukraine occupies 42 nd place in the world  as  to its territory being larger than any country in Western Europe.
  • Ukraine is a country inhabited by representatives of 128 nations, nationalities and ethnic groups.
  • Ukraine is the ancestral homeland for 10-13 million ethnic Ukrainians who now live abroad. The Eastern diaspora (from the Don area to Russia's Far East) accounts for approximately 6.8 million people, the western diaspora (Canada, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Australia, Great Britain, Germany, France and elsewhere) - 5 million.
  • Ukraine has been recognized by 152 states. It has embassies and representative offices in 117 countries.           
  • Ukraine is a founding member of the United Nations, participant in 150 odd international covenants and nearly two dozen organizations, member of the Council of Europe.
  • Ukraine is a nonaligned, nuclear-free and neutral state. It is the world's first country to have renounced nuclear armaments. Unfortunately, others do not haste to follow us.
  • Ukraine is the homeland of spacecraft designers Yuriy Kondratiuk and Serhiy Koroliov; Oleksandr Bohomolets, an academician in medicine; and Borys Paton, an academician in electric welding; of poet and painter Taras Shevchenko and the world's renowned film director Oleksandr Dovzhenko; many laureates of the Nobel and other prestigious prizes.
  • Ukraine's basically a Christian Orthodox country although all other religions are professed here.
  • Ukraine maintains trade contacts with more than 140 countries.

REMEMBER


 

 

 

The Human Rights to

 

 

 

life

freedom from torture and slavery

freedom of thought, conscience and religion

 

marry and found a family

freedom of peaceable assembly and association

a fair trial

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Rights

of  Ukrainian
citizens to

 

 

 

 

 

life

personal inviolability and inviolability of dwelling

noninterference in private and family life

labour, rest, education

freedom of speech, thought, religion

social protection

housing

legal assistance

 safe and healthy environment

conduct entrepreneurial activity which is not prohibited by law

 

Exercises

Ex. 1. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:

law-based state, body of the state power, authority, legislative, judicial, executive, justice, court, judiciary, abide by, dwelling, law, lawfulness, incompetent, self-government, exercise, taxes and duties.

Ex. 2. Match English and   Ukrainian equivalents:

favourable                             вибирати
offence                                     простягатися
body of the state power             сприятливий
to elect                                    орган державної   влади
to stretch                                 рабство
conscience                               поважати
slavery                                     совicть
to respect                                недоторканicть
noninterference                        невтручання
inviolability                               правопорушення

 

Ex. 3. Use the following word- combinations in the sentences of your own:

under the constitution, to be adopted, to be elected, to be presented, to be administered, courts of general jurisdiction, small value claims, less serious offences, cases of exceptional  importance.

Ex. 4. Choose the synonyms from  the box:

crime, execute, language, territory, flag, legislator, promise, authority, highest, hearing

carry out                                 supreme                                 
tongue                                           power                                    
guarantee                                area                                       
trial                                         lawmaker                               
offence                                   banner                                               

 

 

Ex. 5. Write down the word- families of the following words:

                                               established

             to establish                             establisher

                                               establishment

to proclaim                                         to elect

to develop                                          to approve

to proceed                                          to transfer

Ex. 6. Group the following words and word combinations into 3 logical groups:

trial, court, Prime Minister, Verkhovna Rada, deputy,
making laws, juridical, voting, central and local bodies, a single-chamber Parliament, justice, amending the Constitution, to carry out domestic
and foreign policy, judges

Legislative power

Executive power

Judicial power

Ex. 7. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:

  • The Constitution of Ukraine has 161 articles which are divided into 15 chapters.
  • Legislative authority is vested in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
  • Under the Constitution the Parliament has the right to override a presidential veto by two thirds majority.

 

Ex. 8. Open the brackets and put the verbs  into the correct form:

  • Ukraine (to be) a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, law-based state.
  • It (to have) its own territory, higher bodies of the state power, government and national symbols.
  • The Constitution of Ukraine (to be adopted) on June 28, 1996.
  • Ukraine’s total area (to equal) 603.700 sq. kms.
  • Our country (to be) the ancestral homeland for 11.8 million ethnic Ukrainians who now (to live) abroad.

 

Ex. 9.  Complete the sentences:

1. The state language in Ukraine is ...
  • amending the Constitution, making and adopting laws.

2. The Verkhovna Rada has authority over ...
  • a single-chamber national Parliament.

3. The Verkhovna Rada is  ...
  • is the head of the state.

4. The President ...
  • by courts.

5. Justice in Ukraine is exercised entirely ...
  • by the Constitution.

6. The right to life is guaranteed ...

  • Ukrainian.

 

Ex. 10. Guess the meaning of the  international  words used in the text:
constitution, parliament, deputy, academic, autonomy, document, national, democratic, territory, political, central, party, formation, integral, social, symbol, session, system, limit, conflict, cultural, neutral, dozen.

Ex. 11. Tick the equivalents of the words used in the text:
political party
party
one of the sides in a legal agreement

                        a country
state
one of 50 states of the USA

                                   to give legal authority
to сonstitute
to amount to

                        number of persons who have come together
session
a meeting of lawmakers

                         a person having executive duties
deputy
a member of legislative assembly

guarantee                   to give security
to promise (without legal obligation)
Ex. 12. Translate the word-families into Ukrainian:

to act - acting - action - actionable - actioned
to constitute - constitution - constitutional - constitutionally - constitutive
to execute - execution - executive - executor - executorial
to justify - justice - justiciary - justification - justifiable
to legislate - legislation - legislational - legislator - legislature

Ex. 13. Make up the sentences of your own with the following words and word- combinations:

 

Right to

life
work
education
marry
found a family

 

Right of

defence
settlement

passage
dwelling

Ex. 14. Translate the words from the box and complete the sentences:

судовий орган‚ законодавча ініціатива‚ державна влада‚ виконавча влада
  • _____  ______ is presented by the Cabinet of Ministers.
  • The Supreme Court of Ukraine is the  highest _____  _____ of general jurisdiction.
  • The right of _______ ______ belongs to the President, National Deputies , the  Cabinet of Ministers and the National Bank.
  • According to the Constitution _____  _____ in Ukraine is divided into the legislative, the executive and the judicial branches.

 

Ex. 15. Choose the word or word-combination to complete the sentences:

1. Justice in Ukraine is exercised entirely by ...
a. the Verkhovna Rada
b. courts
c. the Cabinet of Ministers

 

2. The ... is the highest judicial body of general jurisdiction in Ukraine.
a. Martial Court
b.  Supreme Court
c.  Arbitrage Court

3. The Verkhovna Rada’s main function is:
a. legal assistance
b. making and adopting laws
c. setting the principles of domestic and foreign police

Ex. 16. Answer the following questions:

  • What is the structure of the Ukrainian state system ?
  • What kind of state is Ukraine ?
  • What are the powers of the government ?
  • What is the body of the legislative power in Ukraine?
  • What are the main functions of the Verkhovna Rada ?
  • What is the highest body of the executive power ?
  • What is the highest judicial body of general jurisdiction in our country?

 

Ex. 17. Translate into English:

  • Україна є суверенна i незалежна‚ демократична‚ соціальна , правова  держава. (стаття 1 Конституції України).
  • Державними символами України є Державний Прапор України‚ Державний Герб України і Державний Гімн України.(стаття 20 Конституції України)
  • Єдиним органом законодавчої влади в Україні є парламент - Верховна Рада України. (стаття 75 Конституції України)
  • Президент України є главою держави і виступає від її імені. (стаття 102 Конституції України)
  • Кабінет Міністрів  України є вищим органом у системі органів виконавчої влади. (стаття 113 Конституції України)
  • Кожен громадянин України має право на освіту. (стаття 53 Конституції України)

 

 

 

Ex. 18. Speak  about Ukraine.  Use information below.

Official  name - Ukraine
Territory                    -           603,700 sq. km. (222,000 sq. miles)
Population                  -           47,7 mln people
Status                         -           Republic
State symbols             -           State Flag, State Coat- of -Arms
(Emblem), State Anthem
State language           -           Ukrainian
Head of the state       -           President
Legislative power      -           Verkhovna Rada
Executive power        -           Cabinet of Ministers, Prime
Minister
Judicial power           -           Supreme Court, Constitutional Court
Capital                       -           Kyiv
Currency                    -           Hryvnia (UAH)

 

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Grammar:     1. Perfect Tenses (Present, Past, Future).
                        2. Adjective.

Ex. 1. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative. Give short answers. Translate the sentences:

He has already translated this English text.
Він вже переклав цей англійський текст.
Has he translated this English text yet?
Yes, he has.                 No, he has not.
He has not translated this English text yet.
  1. Ukrainian folk traditions have preserved to this day original songs, dances,games.
  2. We have got your message.
  3. The cadets have already passed their examinations.
  4. They have arrived at the Academy on time.
  5. The British police officers have already seen many interesting places in Ukraine.
  6. She has just finished to read the first part of the book about the Golden Gate.
  7. The Dnipro has always been a part of Kyiv’s history.

Ex. 2. Replace the infinitive in brackets by the Present, Past or Future Perfect tense forms. Translate the sentences:

  1. On my way to the Academy I remembered that I (to leave) the text-book at the hostel.
  2. By the end of the month he (to translate) already this book.
  3. The court (to hear) these cases by the first of July.
  4. When the investigator (to collect) enough evidence, he passed  the case for trial.

 

Ex. 3.  Put questions to the italicized words:

  1. The Constitution of Ukraine has been modified by a multiparty system.
  2. The Golden Trident has become a symbol of power.
  3. The cadets have discussed the problem at the seminar.
  4. The chief has signed the order.
  5. Stepan had studied English before he entered the Academy.

 

Ex. 4. Give the comparative and the superlative degrees of the following adjectives:

Positive Degree

Comparative Degree

Superlative Degree

 

long
beautiful

 

longer
more beautiful

 

the longest
the most beautiful

short, big, interesting, small, happy, bright, hot, brave, difficult, wide, good, deep, serious.

Ex. 5. Underline the adjectives, paying attention to the degrees of comparison, translate  the sentences:

  1. Kyiv is one of the oldest cities in Europe and therefore there are a lot of places of historic interest in it.
  2. The Supreme Court of Ukraine is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction.
  3. There are  73,000 rivers and smaller streams in Ukraine, the biggest and longest of them is the Dnipro (third longest in Europe).
  4. The National Academy of Internal Affairs is one of the biggest higher educational establishments in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.

 

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